生理学本科英文单词

一、绪论细胞英文单词要求：生理学 physiology

内环境 internal environment 稳态 homeostasis

负反馈 negative feedback 正反馈 positive feedback

单纯扩散 simple diffusion

经通道易化扩散经载体易化扩散原发性主动转运继发性主动转运出胞入胞静息电位超极化极化去极化超射复极化锋电位阈值跳跃式传导阈电位局部电位空间总和时间总和兴奋兴奋性兴奋－收缩耦联绝对不应期相对不应期超常期低常期终板电位钙触发钙释放收缩效能等长收缩等张收缩前负荷初长度最适初长度后负荷 facilitated diffusion via ion channel facilitated diffusion via carrier primary active transport secondary active transport exocytosis endocytosis

resting postential hyperpolarization polarization depolarization overshoot repolarization spike potential threshold

salutatory conduction threshold potential local potential spatial summation temporal summation excitation excitability

excitation －contraction coupling absolute refractory period relative refractory period supranormal period subnormal period end －plate potential

calcium induced Ca2+ release，CICR performance of contraction isometric contraction isotonic contraction preload

initial length

optimal initial length afterload

肌肉收缩能力 contractility 强直收缩 tetanus

二、血液循环英文词汇要求： cardiac cycle 心动周期 period of isovolumic contraction 等容收缩期 end-diastolic volume 舒张末期容积 ejection fraction 射血分数 cardiac output cardiac index stroke work heterometric regulation ventricular compliance homometric regulation cardiac reserve autorhythmicity inward rectifier K+ channel transient outward current plateau delayed rectifier K+ current myocardial contractility maximal repolarization potential pacemaker current latent pacemaker conductivity preferential pathway atrioventricular delay electrocardiogram mean circulatory filling pressure peripheral resistance systolic pressure diastolic pressure central venous pressure transmural pressure microcirculation effective filtration pressure positive chronotropic action negative dromotropic action positive inotropic action cardiac vagal tone sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone cardiovascular center baroreceptor reflex

心输出量心指数每搏功异长调节心室顺应性等长调节心力储备自动节律性

内向整流钾通道一过性外向电流平台期

延迟整流钾流心肌收缩能力最大复极电位起搏电流潜在起搏点传导性

优势传导通路房-室延搁心电图

循环系统平均充盈压外周阻力收缩压舒张压中心静脉压跨壁压微循环

有效滤过压正性变时作用负性变传导作用正性变力作用心迷走紧张交感缩血管紧张心血管中枢

压力感受性反射

buffer nerve 缓冲神经 chemoreceptor 化学感受器 renin-angiotensin system 肾素-血管紧张素系统 epinephrine, adrenaline 肾上腺素 interstitial fluid 组织液 coronary circulation 冠脉循环 compensatory pause premature systole (extrasystole) arterial pulse overdrive suppression hemodynamics arteriovenous shunt bradykinin

三、呼吸英文词汇要求： respiration pulmonary ventilation inspiration expiration eupnea dyspnea abdominal breathing thoracic breathing pneumothorax specific compliance intrapleural pressure elastic resistance surfactant alveolar ventilation intrapulmonary pressure tidal volume vital capacity minute ventilation volume forced vital capacity physiological dead space ventilation/perfusion ratio oxygen capacity oxygen content oxygen dissociation curve carbaminohemoglobin Bohr effect oxygen saturation carbonic anhydrase respiratory center

代偿间歇期前收缩动脉脉搏超速驱动压抑

血流动力学短路血管（动-静脉短路）缓激肽呼吸肺通气吸气呼气平静呼吸呼吸困难腹式呼吸胸式呼吸气胸比顺应性胸膜腔内压弹性阻力表面活性物质肺泡通气量肺内压潮气量肺活量每分通气量用力肺活量生理无效腔通气/血流比值氧容量氧含量氧离曲线氨基甲酸血红蛋白波尔效应氧饱和度碳酸酐酶呼吸中枢

pneumotaxic center pulmonary stretch reflex

呼吸调整中枢

肺牵张反射

感觉器官的功能英文单词要求:

感受器(receptor) ;适宜刺激（adequate stimulus）; 感受器电位（r e c e p t o r p o t e n c i a l ）; 简化眼(reduced eye);视敏度(visual acuity) ; 近点(n e a r p o i n t o f v i s i o n ) ; 近视(m y o p i a ) ; 远视(h y p e r o p i a ) ; 散光(astigmatism) ;视杆细胞(rod cell) ; 视锥细胞(cone cell); 暗适应(dark adaptation);明适应(light adaptation); 视野（visual field）; 耳蜗微音器电位(Cochlear micro-phonic potential);

神经系统的功能英文单词要求:

神经的营养性作用(t r o p h i c a c t i o n ) ；神经的功能性作用 (f u n c t i o n a l a c t i o n ) ；轴浆运输 (a x o p l a s m i c t r a n s p o r t ) ；突触后电位(P o s t s y n a p t i c p o t e n t i a l ) ；兴奋性突触后电位(E x c i t a t o r y p o s t s y n a p t i c p o t e n t i a l ) ；

抑制性突触后电位 (I n h i b i t o r y p o s t s y n a p t i c p o t e n t i a l ) ；突触后抑制(p o s t s y n a p t i c i n h i b i t i o n ) ；突触前抑制 (p r e s y n a p t i c i n h i b i t i o n ) ；传入侧支性抑制（A f f e r e n t c o l l a t e r a l i n h i b i t i o n ）；回返性抑制(R e c u r r e n t i n h i b i t i o n ) ；曲张体(v a r i c o s i t y ) ；神经递质 (neurotransmitter)；神经调质(neuromodulator)；受体(r e c e p t o r ) ；单向传播（one way conduction）；中枢延搁（central delay）；感觉投射系统(S e n s o r y P r o j e c t i o n S y s t e m ) ；特异性投射系统(S p e c i f i c P r o j e c t i o n S y s t e m ) ；

非特异性投射系统（N o n -s p e c i f i c P r o j e c t i o n S y s t e m ）；脑干网状结构上行激动系统 (Ascending reticular activating system)；

感觉柱(sensory column)；牵涉痛(referred pain) ；

皮层诱发电位(cortical evoked potential) ；脑电图 (Electroencephalogram)；皮层电图 (electrocorticogram)；慢波睡眠(slow wave sleep)；

快波睡眠 (fast wave sleep)；运动单位(motor unit) ；牵张反射(stretch reflex) ；肌紧张(muscle tonus)；腱反射(tendon reflex)；肌梭(muscle spindle)；腱器官(tendon organ)；运动柱(moter column)；脊休克(spinal shock)；脊动物(spinal animal)；去大脑动物(d e c e r e b r a t e a n i m a l ) ；去大脑僵直(d e c e r e b r a t e r i g i d i t y ) ；前庭小脑(v e s t i b u l o c e r e b e l l u m ) ；脊髓小脑(s p i n o c e r e b e l l u m ) ；皮层小脑(cerebrocerebellum)；

意向性震颤(i n t e n t i o n t r e m o r ) ；静止性震颤(s t a t i c t r e m o r ) ；生物节律(biorhythm) ；防御反应(defense reaction) ；遗忘(loss of mrmory)；摄食中枢（feeding center）；饱中枢（satiety center）

激素英文单词

1. 内分泌 endocrine

2. 允许作用 permissiveness action

3. 下丘脑调节肽 hypothalamic regulatory peptides 4. 生长激素 human growth hormone 5. 甲状腺激素 thyroid hormones 6. 甲状旁腺激素 parathyroid hormone 7. 降钙素 calcitonin 8. 胰岛素 insulin

9. 糖皮质激素 glucocorticoids 10皮质醇 cortisol 11. 应激 stress

12. 生长素介质 somatomedin 13. 催乳素 prolactin 14. 缩宫素 oxytocin

15. 胰岛素样生长因子 insulin －like growth factor

生理学本科英文单词

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