一、 时间状语从句
1、 when, while, as 和whenever
when 表时间点，时间段
while 表时间段；有“而”的意思
as “当……”,“一边……一边”，“随着……”
whenever 每当，无论什么时候
It is cold when it snows.
While there is life, there is hope.
While we were speaking, he was reading newspaper.
Just as Mrs Richards was entering the dinning-room, there was a knock on the front door.
As we age, we trade strength for ingenuity, speed for thoroughness, and passion for reason. 随着年龄的增长，我们用力量换来了机敏，以速度换来了严谨，以热情换来了理智。
注： 1)when还可作并列连词，其意义为“那时，这时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：
sb.was doing sth.when...某人正在干某事就在这时……
sb.was about to/ going to do sth.when...某人正打算干某事就在这时……
sb.body has just done sth.when...某人刚干了某事就在这时……
2)如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when，while与as可互换使用。如：
When/While/As I was walking down the street，I came across an old friend of mine.
2、 before/ after
It will be five years before we meet again.五年之后我们才能见面。
After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.
After her husband had gone to work, she sent her children to school.
3、 until, till, not...until
1) 肯定句：主句的谓语是延续性动词，主从句均为肯定式，意为“某动作一直持续到某时间
点才停止”
Please wait until I come back.等我回来。
2) 否定句：主句的谓语是非延续性动作，从句为肯定式，意为“某动作一直到时间点才开始” He won’t go to bed till/until she returns.
3) Till不可以用在句首，而until可以
Until you told me I had no idea of it.
4）not…until句型中的强调和倒装用法
It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.
Not until you told me did I have any idea if it.
4、 since从句谓语动词多用于一般过去时态，主句用现在完成时态或现在完成进行时态
She has been working in this factory since she left school.
I have written to Alice four times since I came here.
It is +一段时间+since从句的句型中，时间计算一律从since从句动作完成或状态结束时算起 It is three years since the war broke out. 战争爆发以来，有三年了。
It is three years since she was in our class.她离开我们班有三年了。
5、 as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment/ minute/ instant/ second
no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely/barely…when…,“一……就”
once(一旦)
The moment I heard the voice, I know father was coming.
Directly I had done it, I knew I hold made a mistake.
The instant he saw me, he ran away.
I had hardly got home when it began to rain.
hardly/no sooner主句用过去完成时，when/than引导的从句用一般过去时，固定结构
No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.
6、 by the time到……时候；到……之前(从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时)
each/every time和the next time
By the time I got outside, the bus had already left.
Each time she came, Jane brought me a nice book.
二、 地点状语从句where或wherever/ anywhere/ everywhere
1. Stay where you are.
2. The photo of mine was taken where stood the famous high tower.
3. Wherever you go, you can see new factories and stories.
4. Everywhere you go, you will find the same thing.
5. Where there is a will, there is a way.
6. Plants will grow almost anywhere there is plenty of air, water and sunlight.
判断：
You’d better make a mark where you have questions.
You’d better make a mark at the place where you have questions.
三、原因状语从句
because/as由于/for/since既然/now that/seeing that/considering that…
1） because强调原因，是句子较重要的部分，在很多情况下，不能用since，for等替代。 Henry didn’t go to the office because it was raining.
He resigned partly because he was old and partly because he was bored with the work.
I didn’t help, not because I was unwilling, but because I was unable to do it.
2） as和since所提出的原因是已知的，或是句中不重要的部分，since较as稍正式一些
As his fat is in a large town, he has no garden of his own.
Since you don’t trust him, you should not employ him.
3） for，一种补充说明，而且for引导的句子不能放在句首，for是并列连词
He seldom goes out now, for he is very old.
4） not that…but that...“不是因为……而是因为……”
It’s not that I’m dissatisfied, but that I have my own business to attend to.
5) in that多出现主句之后；seeing that因为，鉴于；considering that因为，考虑到
I like this place, but I like my hometown better in that I have more friends there.
Seeing that/ since he was there, he may have seen her.
That is excusable considering/ seeing (that) he is so young.
四、 条状语从句
1） 真实条件从句：属性，习惯，推测，对未来的预测
If you heat ice, it melts.
If he is in London, he is undoubtedly staying at this hotel.
If businessmen want to borrow money, they go to see their bank managers.
If he breaks his promise, she’ll never speak to him again.
2) 非真实条件句：虚拟语气
3）if only引导状语从句，要用虚拟语气，“但愿，要……就好了”
If only I had more money, I could buy a car. (对现在情况表示遗憾)
If only I had known it, I wouldn’t have troubled him. (对过去情况表示遗憾)
only if 只有，用陈述语气
You’ll succeed only if you put all your heart into it.
4) provided/ providing （that）“在……条件下”，“要是”，“以……为条件”
on condition (that)
under the condition (that)
suppose/ supposing (that)“假定”，主句多是疑问句
granted/ granting (that) “假定…….”，“就算是”，有浓厚的让步意义，可意为“姑且” given that…“假设”主要强调以假定的方式提出前提条件。
I will come providing (that) I am well enough.
I will go there on the condition that you accompany me.
Supposing he can’t come, who will do the work?
Granted that you have made some progress, you should not be conceited.
Given that this is true, what should we do?
5) as/ so long as… “只要”重点在于时间的延续性，从句可用现在时表将来。
You may borrow this book as long as you keep it clean.
6) unless“除非”，相当于“if…not…”，引导的从句不能用否定式
I will go there tomorrow unless it rains.
五、方式状语从句 as “如，像”；
as if=as though “好像，仿佛……似的”
I live as others do.
He looks as if he is angry.
六、让步状语从句
1、though, although, while, whereas, even if, even though “虽然，尽管”
Though和 although两者意思相同，一般可互换使用，都可以与yet，still或nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。
Though/ Although it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.
Though I believe it, yet I must consider.
While I like the style of the hat, I don’t like its color.强调对比和差异
He thought I was lying, whereas I was telling the truth.
Even though I were starving，I would not ask a favor of him.
“即使”，有一种假想的可能性或推测，所以用虚拟语气
2、whether…or not“不管……”
Whether he comes or not, the results will be the same.
3、whatever=no matter what, whichever=no matter which
Whoever, whomever, whosever, whenever, wherever, however
Stay calm whatever happens.
Whenever he comes, he brings us some parents.
Whichever side wins, I shall be satisfied.
4、as, though, that（as引导的让步状语从句需要倒装）
Poor though he is, he is generous.
Child that he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
Strange as this behavior may be, there is a very good reason for it.
Try as he will, he never seems able to succeed.
七、 结果状语从句
so+ adj./adv. +.that从句
so+ adj.+a/an + 可数名词单数+that从句
so many/ few/ much/ little +名词 + that从句
such + a/an + adj. + 可数名词单数+ that从句
such + adj. +可数名词复数/不可数名词 + that 从句
such + a lot of/ lots of + 名词+that 从句
The wind was so strong that he would hardly move forward.
We have such difficult problems that no one would like to solve.
He is such a lovely child that everybody loves him.
He gave me so little time that it was impossible for me to finish the work on time.
There are so many picture-story books that the boy won’t leave.
so that
He works hard every day, so that he gets the first prize in class.
注意：当so或such置于句首，主句要用倒装语序。
So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.
八、 目的状语从句
so that, in order that, to the end that
I stepped aside so that he would go in.
lest, in case “免得，以免” ; for fear that,生怕
She took the umbrella lest it (should) rain.
There is some money in case you need it.
Mary didn’t want get out of bed for fear that she might wake her baby up.
九、 比较状语从句
as…as, not as/so…as, the same…as, such…as 和……一样
more…than…, less…than…,
the +比较级, the+比较级,
This suggestion is as good as that one.
Tom is as good a student as Jack =Tom is such a good student as Jack.
The sooner, the better.
More haste, less speed.
在比较级中要，注意比较的对象要一致
The weather in Shanghai is hotter than that in Beijing.
The students in my class are more than those in yours.
表达倍数， 可用三种形式
This building is once taller than that one.
This building is twice as tall as that one.
This building is twice the height of that one.
状语从句中的紧缩现象
1 时间状语从句中常见的紧缩形式：
Don’t speak until spoken to 有人对你说话时你才说。
一旦被看见，它便不会被忘记。 Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
While in Beijing, I paid a visit to the Summer Place. 在北京时，我参观了颐和园。
Pressure can be reduced when needed. 必要时压力非唯心减。
I prefer my milk a little sweet whenever possible.
可能的话，我喜欢牛奶甜点。
He was a swimmer when a child. 他小时侯就是一名游泳运动员。
她干活时总唱歌。 She always sings while doing her work.
2 条件状语从句中常见的紧缩形式：
Come tomorrow if possible. 可能的话就明天来吧 If so, you must get back and get it. 如果这样的话，你必需把它拿来。 I’ll buy a TV set if necessary. 如有必要我们就买一台电视机。 He has no money, if any, he will give us. 他没有钱，如果 有他会给我们的。 If in need, don’t hesitate to ask me for money. 如要钱，不必犹豫，向我要就是了。
The girl never give in unless wrong. 这女孩不会屈服的，除非她错了。 这台机器如不修便毫无用处。 Unless repaired, the machine is of no use.
3 方式状语从句中常见的紧缩形式：
Some flowers shut up at night as if (they did this in order) to sleep. 有些花夜间收拢，好象为了睡眠一样。 The woman teacher hurriedly left the classroom as though (she was ) angry. 这位女教师匆匆茫茫离开教室，好象生气了。 Jane seemed as if (she was) good at everything. 琼好象擅长一切。
4 其它状语从句的紧缩形式：
Though cold, he still wore a shirt. 天气虽然冷，但他还穿一件衬衣。 The man, while (he is ) well over eighty. Can walk faster than I . 这人虽然 年过八十，却比我走得快。 Being blind(= As he was blind), he couldn’t see anything. 他瞎了，什么东西也看不见。 Fill in the blank with articles where necessary. 在需要的地方填上冠词。
真题演练
1 (2012全国卷I)25. I don't believe we've met before, _______ I must say you do look familiar.
A. therefore B. although C. since D. unless
2 (2012全国卷I)29. This restaurant wasn't _______ that other restaurant we went to.
A. half as good as B. as half good as C. as good as half D. good as half as
3 (2012全国卷II)11. I had hardly got to the office ___ my wife phone me to go back home at once.
A. when B. than C. until D. after
4 (2012北京卷)21.—Look at those clouds!
—Don’t worry. ______ it rains, we’ll still have a great time.
A. Even if B.As though C. In case D. If only
5 (2012上海卷) 32. I have a tight budget for the trip, so I'm not going to airlines lower ticket prices.
A. once B. if C. after D. unless 6 (2012上海卷 he goes to a new place.
A. whenever B. whatever C. wherever D. however
7 (2012天津卷)14. Everything was placed exactly ___________he wanted it for the graduation ceremony.
A. while B. when C. where D. though 8 (2012江苏卷) 30. One’s life has value ________ one brings value to the life of others.
A. so that B. no matter how C. as long as D. except that
9 (2012湖南卷)28. ________ I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A.
A. While B. Once C. If D. Until
10 (2012湖南卷)32. ________ hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
A. However B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Whenever
11 (2012福建卷)30.It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties ____ it gets
more financial support from the European Union.
A. if B. unless C. because D. since
12 (2012陕西卷)18. Hot _______ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
A. although B. as C. while D. however
13 (2012陕西卷)25. All the photographs in this book, _______ stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.
A. unless B. until C. once D. if
14 (2012山东卷)27. He smiled politely ______ Mary apologized for her drunken friends.
A. as B. if C. unless D. though
15 (2012山东卷)32. A number of high buildings have arisen _______ there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
A. when B. where C. before D. until
16 (2012重庆卷)30. — Coach, can I continue with the training?
— Sorry, you can’t ________ you haven’t recovered from the knee injure.
A. until B. before C. because D. unless
17 (2012四川卷)4. At school, some students are active ________ some are shy, yet they can be good
friends with one another.
A. while B. although C. so D. as
18 (2012四川卷)10. If you happen to get lost in the wild, you’d better stay ________ you are and wait for help.
A. why B. where C. who D. what
19 (2012江西卷)31.You can borrow my car you promise not to drive too fast.
A．unless B．even if C．in case D．as long as
20 (2012浙江卷)18. Mike was usually so careful, ______this time he made a small mistake.
A. yet B. still C. even D. thus
21 (2012辽宁卷)30. Leave your key with your neighbor you lock yourself out one day.
A. as long as B. even though C. in case D. as if
2011年真题
1.（2011全国卷II）19. It was a nice meal, _______a little expensive.
A. though B. whether C. as D. since
2.（2011北京卷）29. __________ volleyball is her main focus, she’s also great at basketball.
A. Since B. Once C. Unless D. While
3. (2011上海卷) 36. If a lot of people say a film is not good, I won’t bother to see it, or I’ll wait
it comes out on DVD.
A. whether B. after C. though D. until
4.(2011上海卷) 37. The police officers in our city work hard _____ the rest of us can live a safe life.
A. in case B. as if C. in order that D. only if
5.（2011江西卷）29. Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or it is
convenient to you.
A. whenever B. however C. whichever D. wherever
6.（2011浙江卷）heard cries for help.
A. after B. while C. since D. when
7.（2011福建卷）palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
A.that B.when C.since D.before
8.（2011四川卷）4. Frank insisted that he was not asleep up.
A. whether B. although C. for D. so
9.（2011四川卷）6. As it reported, it is 100 years _____________Qinghua University was founded.
A. when B. before C. after D. since
10.（2011辽宁卷）25. No matter how ________ , it is not necessarily lifeless.
A. a desert may be dry B. dry a desert may be
C. may a desert be dry D. dry may a desert be
11.（2011辽宁卷）29. He had no sooner finished his speech _____ the students started cheering.
A. since B. as C. when D. than
12.（2011陕西卷）17.The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be ______the present one.
A. as three times big as B. three times as big as
C. as big as three times D. as big three times as
13.（2011天津卷）5. regular exercise is very important, it’s never a good idea to exercise
too close to bedtime.
A.It B. As C.Although D.Unless
14.（2011陕西卷）19.____________all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post.
A. Since B. While C. If D. As
（2011重庆）15. we are to shake
hands with.
A.whichever B.whenever C.whoever D.wherever
16. (2011湖南卷) 33 Jack wasn’t saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him _______he had done something very clever.
A .as if B. in case C. while D. though
17. (2011山东卷 )28)
He had his camera ready _____ he saw something that would make a good picture.
A. even if B. if only C. in case D. so that